The paper (open access) studies the impact of blur in an image and how we perceive the image. Blur arises because the depth-of-field [1] is not infinite. Depth-of-field increases when looking through small openings and also as distance increases. But with photographic tricks (and of course nowadays some skilled Photoshop work) it is possible to either introduce blur and change perception, or remove blur and change perceptions in the other direction [2].
Here's a couple of pictures from the paper of what appears to be a miniature scene:
[1] When focusing on an object, some objects both in front of the central object and behind it will also be in focus, while others at greater distances from the central object are not in focus.
[2] Hollywood could certainly put these techniques to great use and thus avoid the whole "Oh that's just a guy in a Godzilla suit crushing small buildings" thing. My personal favorite is "Titanic". Every time I see that movie it looks like a toy boat floating in a bathtub. James Cameron waited 20 years for technology to advance enough so that he could make Avatar. He should digitally re-edit "Titanic".
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